There are unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are either connected by double bond or triple bond. Alkenes are the ones bonded by a double bond and alkynes are the ones bonded by a triple bond. For alkenes the root names give the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain. Alkene names are formed by dropping the "ane" and replacing it with "ene". It is written with this formula: CnH2n. For alkynes the root names give the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain. Alkyne names are formed by dropping the "ane" and replacing it with "yne". It is written with this formula: CnH2n-2.
A table for alkenes:
No. of
Carbons
Root Name
Formula
CnH2n
Structure
2
ethene
C2H4
CH2=CH2
3
propene
C3H6
CH2=CHCH3
4
1-butene
C4H8
CH2=CHCH2CH3
5
1-pentene
C5H10
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
A table for alkynes:
No. of
Carbons
Root Name
Formula
CnH2n-2
Structure
2
ethene
C2H2
CH=CH
3
propene
C3H4
CH=CHCH3
4
1-butene
C4H6
CH=CCH2CH3
5
1-pentene
C5H8
CH=CCH2CH2CH3
Here is a video explaining name both alkenes and alkynes:
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